MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE TOPIC 3

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1. Industrial Chemicals Produced by Microbes

Microbe	Type	Product
Aspergillus niger	Fungus	Citric acid
Acetobacter aceti	Bacterium	Acetic acid (Vinegar)
Clostridium butylicum	Bacterium	Butyric acid
Lactobacillus	Bacterium	Lactic acid
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast)	Fungus	Ethanol (Alcohol)

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2. Industrial Enzymes

Lipase

• Breaks down fats (lipids).
• Used in detergents.
• Removes oil and grease stains from clothes.

Pectinase

• Breaks down pectin in fruits.
• Used to clarify fruit juices.

Protease

• Breaks down proteins.
• Also used for juice clarification.

Result: Market fruit juices are clearer than homemade juices.

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3. Streptokinase

• Produced by Streptococcus bacteria.
• Modified using genetic engineering.
• Called a Clot Buster.
• Dissolves blood clots.
• Used after myocardial infarction (heart attack).

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4. Cyclosporin A

• Produced by Trichoderma polysporum (Fungus).
• Functions as an Immunosuppressant.
• Used in organ transplantation.
• Prevents organ rejection by suppressing the immune system.

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5. Statins

• Produced by Monascus purpureus (Yeast).
• Used to lower blood cholesterol.
• Works by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis.

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One-Line Revision

• Aspergillus niger → Citric acid
• Acetobacter aceti → Acetic acid
• Clostridium butylicum → Butyric acid
• Lactobacillus → Lactic acid
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae → Ethanol
• Lipase → Detergents (oil stain removal)
• Pectinase + Protease → Fruit juice clarification
• Streptokinase → Clot buster (heart attack patients)
• Trichoderma polysporum → Cyclosporin A (Immunosuppressant)
• Monascus purpureus → Statins (Lower cholesterol)

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NEET Most Important Table

Microbe	Product	Use
Aspergillus niger	Citric acid	Food & pharmaceutical industry
Acetobacter aceti	Acetic acid	Vinegar production
Clostridium butylicum	Butyric acid	Industrial chemical
Lactobacillus	Lactic acid	Dairy and food industry
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Ethanol	Alcohol production
Streptococcus	Streptokinase	Dissolves blood clots
Trichoderma polysporum	Cyclosporin A	Organ transplantation
Monascus purpureus	Statins	Lowers cholesterol

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NEET Memory Trick

“AACLuS Makes Life Pretty Smart”

• A → Aspergillus → Citric acid
• A → Acetobacter → Acetic acid
• C → Clostridium → Butyric acid
• L → Lactobacillus → Lactic acid
• S → Saccharomyces → Ethanol
• P → Pectinase + Protease → Clear juice
• S → Streptococcus → Streptokinase (Clot buster)
• T → Trichoderma → Cyclosporin A
• M → Monascus → Statins (Cholesterol lowering)

NEET Tip: The microbe–product pairs (Aspergillus–Citric acid, Trichoderma–Cyclosporin A, Monascus–Statins, Streptococcus–Streptokinase) are among the most frequently tested facts from this chapter.