Here are some key points about Raoult’s law that you may find helpful for your Class 12 chemistry notes:

1. Raoult’s law is named after the French chemist François-Marie Raoult and is applicable to ideal solutions.
2. Raoult’s law states that the partial vapor pressure of a component in an ideal solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.Mathematically, it can be expressed as: P₁ = P₀₁ * X₁,where P₁ is the partial vapor pressure of component 1, P₀₁ is the vapor pressure of pure component 1, and X₁ is the mole fraction of component 1 in the solution.
3. According to Raoult’s law, if the components in a solution exhibit ideal behavior, the total vapor pressure of the solution can be calculated as the sum of the partial vapor pressures of each component.Mathematically, it can be expressed as: P_total = P₁ + P₂ + …,where P_total is the total vapor pressure of the solution, P₁ and P₂ are the partial vapor pressures of component 1 and component 2, respectively.
4. Raoult’s law is applicable when the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent molecules are similar or identical to the intermolecular forces within the pure components.
5. Raoult’s law is primarily valid for dilute solutions or solutions where the components are nonvolatile or weakly volatile.
6. Deviations from Raoult’s law can occur in non-ideal solutions. In such cases, the observed vapor pressure may be higher or lower than predicted by Raoult’s law, depending on the nature of intermolecular forces between the components.
7. When the observed vapor pressure is higher than predicted, positive deviations occur. This is usually observed in solutions where the intermolecular forces between the components are weaker than the forces within the pure components.
8. When the observed vapor pressure is lower than predicted, negative deviations occur. This is usually observed in solutions where the intermolecular forces between the components are stronger than the forces within the pure components.
9. Raoult’s law is commonly applied in various fields, including the study of colligative properties, determination of boiling point elevation, and calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium in ideal solutions.

Remember to expand and elaborate on these points when creating your Class 12 chemistry notes, as this summary provides a basic understanding of Raoult’s law.